Prompted by a number of requests, most recently from my sister, here is an overview of what the doctors are trying to do with stem cell therapy.
Stem cell therapy is used on refractory (keeps growing through chemo) or relapsed Hodgkin's disease. These can happen because a part of the cancer is resistant to the original chemo, survives and then grows back as a more difficult to remove chemo resistant Hodgkin's cancer. What the doctors are trying to do is to really kill this cancer with a very strong chemo treatment, the problem is that the very strong chemo will kill not just the cancer, but also kill all my bone marrow. Killing the bone marrow is a problem because it is bone marrow that produces all your blood cells like a little factory.
So the idea is that they take a sample of my bone marrow stem cells, which are the "factory cells" before the big chemo, and then put them back in after the big chemo to grow back the blood factory in the bone marrow.
The way this is done is to get the little stem cells out into the blood "perheriphal stem cell collection" because this is easier than cracking open the bones to get at the marrow. To get the stem cells into the blood a combination of chemo and growth factor injections is used, the chemo creates low blood counts, stem cells ramp up to make more blood, growth factor causes them to ramp up even more and they spill out into the main blood stream - just in time to get removed.
At the same time the doctors want to make sure they get all the cancer, so they are giving me IVE chemo to try to kill the bulk of the cancer so that the strong BEAM chemo (which can only be given once in a lifetime) is used to "mop up" the few residual cancer cells rather than being expended on the bulk tumours. It is critical to get this right as this cannot be done twice in a lifetime, basically your body cannot take it.
So the schedule goes like this:
Chemo 1 IVE, starts to attack the tumours and starts stem cells producing
Chemo 2 IVE, should have reduced cancer by 50% at least, increases stem cells
Growth factor injections get stem cells to spill into the blood
Stem cells collected and frozen for later use (successfully done)
PET and CAT scans check if cancer is reducing enough (it was 70% volume reduction, clean PET scan)
Chemo 3 IVE finishes off the reduction in the bulk cancer leaving just a few cells to mop up
We are here !
March 28th Chemo 4 BEAM chemo is the really toxic one which kills everything, cancer, bone marrow the lot leaving me reliant on transfusions and pretty sick in an isolation bubble.
April 4th Stem cells, collected earlier above and frozen, are defrosted and added back into my blood.
April 16th or so stem cells have migrated to the bone marrow implanted and start to grow new blood cells after about 14 days, still probably needing support with transfusions as well.
Gradually counts come up and dependence on blood transfusions, antibiotics etc is reduced day by day, when certain targets are met the patient allowed home.
Gradual recovery from the damage of the chemo to the other organs of the body and the slow establishment of fully functional marrow takes about 3 months, it takes about 6 months to feel "normal" again.
That's the plan
So in this process there are three critical milestones, first is getting the stem cells harvested, in many cases they do not come out (done), next is getting the bulk of the cancer killed so the BEAM concentrates on getting the few remaining cells (done), finally surviving the BEAM chemo and successful transplantation of the stem cells into the marrow (next big to do).
If I get through the BEAM treatment, and there is every indication I will as they do not usually lose patients of my age and fitness, then the big question is did any of the cancer cells survive the BEAM chemo tucked away in some corner of my body or did any of the cancer cells get harvested with the stem cells and reintroduced to my body via the transplant. The latter is not so likely in Hodgkin's which in the early stages confines itself to the lymph nodes. The only way to answer this question is to wait and see if it grows back, if it does not grow back in 5 years I am probably clear of Hodgkin's.
After 5 years then the next-on worry is leukemia, cancer of the bone marrow, caused by the treatment which affects 5-10 percent of us, followed by all the usual issues of vital organ damage from the chemo. I will need to get fit and be pretty careful in the future and frankly probably not plan on being around as long as the average person given all the damage and consequences. Early retirement will be a topic of discussion should I get to year 5.
So that's a pretty boring post but I hope it clarifies the treatment regime for those of you who were asking how the overall plan looks. I am feeling better after my blood transfusion on Sunday and hope to start gentle walking exercise tomorrow to start to build up some strength for the BEAM chemo.
Back to cooking, cars and politics next time.
Gerry